Bob Dixon Essay Example

Bob Dixon Essay Bob Dixon owns a small Theatre in Woodford Green, it is called Woodford Green Theatre. His theatre is not the best in London but it is highly rated. He has 1 theatre and hosts 1 show every month. His theatre may be quite small but it is old and worth a lot of money, a lot of the theatre has been refurbished and made more modern, but the only thing still not up to date is his way of working.. Since he opened the theatre he has used a paper based system for everything. He has used it for financial records and writing out the tickets and everything in between. He needs a computer to, have an automated system of seating, and to keep record of booked tickets and seats. Problem Identified The problem with Bobs way of keeping record is that he uses a paper based system and he has to file this all the time, if he loses one piece of paper he can be really be in trouble. On a paper based system he has to calculate on his own, if he changes a number he will have to re-do the whole sheet again. And if he loses something he will not be able to get an accurate result in any area and this could mean that he thinks he has a profit when he actually has a loss. If he keeps his paper based system he will have a lot of trouble in the future and will find it hard to show his records. We will write a custom essay sample on Bob Dixon specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Bob Dixon specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Bob Dixon specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer If he keeps the paper based system then he possibly may need to employ a new person just for his paperwork. This would mean he has to spend more than necessary. I think this could become a bigger problem as time goes on. Bob has heard of mail merge, mail merge has many advantages so I can see why he would want it, it means he does not need to write all of the letters on his own like he does now, he an use mail merge to automatically send the same message to many people quickly. Bob would also like to use it to send vital information to customers who wish to see it, critics and news papers who wish to write about him and his theatre. Another problem that Bob has found is that, the member of staff who is in charge of the ticket booking has walked along and a booking for 4 or 5 tickets has fallen out of the folder and she did not realise and none has told her, so she looked back and she has 4 or 5 tickets missing from the order and she re-sells the tickets to other people and then she then has 2 sets of people arriving for the same tickets and then has to refund the money and the theatre will then get bad publicity. Bob uses a filing cabinet system to store his paperwork. This is not good, they can collapse and they have a limited amount of space in them. This means he will have to either get rid of all his older paperwork, which is never clever, or spend even more money on more and more filing cabinets this is just a waste of money he could use on more important things and trying to get the theatre looking its best and costume and makeup for shows. When in the long run a computer based system will be cheaper. Bob uses paper to file everything including his stock levels, this could be bad, he could lose track or miss calculate how much in coming in and going out this could end up with Bob not knowing if he has profit or loss. He writes every address out by hand which takes up a lot of unnecessary time. He works everything out in his head or on the calculator which is also time consuming, and can lead to incorrect results. In conclusion he needs to upgrade or he will never be able to have a 100% accurate reading of any data and he uses up all his time which he needs, in order to make sure the theatre is running correctly. Bob is going to upgrade and use a computer based system and then finally have time to spend on his running of the theatre. Problem Solutions Advantages and disadvantages of each of the software Microsoft Word Microsoft word offers my user share trading activities: 1. It can record information like names in a table that is clearly set out. This is an advantage to Bob because he can see all the customers and their details easily and quick, this is good for finding out any information they need in a quick and stressful situation. 2. Can receive guidance when writing a business letter to the tax office (or mail merge in some tasks) this is an advantage because he can now have more time to do more important tasks and leave the letters to the computer. 3. Can create promotional posters with graphics. This is help bring in business for Bob. Microsoft word lacks: 1. Bob can not count the number of banking shares that he holds. 2. Bob can not calculate how many days that the he has held a particular share. 3. Bob can not put all shares into ranking to compare their performances. 4. Bob can not hold formulas at any point that are able to work. Microsoft Access Microsoft access offers my user: 1. Mail merge, Microsoft access allows Bob to save the addresses and have them automatically send to that address. 2. Access contains Wizards that walk Bob through each step of the way. Bob does not need to have database experience in order to use it. 3. Bob may build as many unrelated databases as hed like. Microsoft access cannot offer my user: 1. Microsoft Access is not meant to have multiple users at any given time. While it can support them, problems with functionality can pop up. 2. All the information from Bobs database is saved into one file this can limit what you can do with it and slow down reports, queries, and forms. 3. Access is a simple database, not a full-fledged database management system. 4. Each database can store no more than 2 GB of data. 5. Since Microsoft Access cannot handle large data requests, if you are using close to the maximum amount of data, it will run slowly Open Office Calc A comparison with Microsoft open office calc and Microsoft excel: 1. Open a previously created MS Excel spread sheet with Calc. I found absolutely no errors in opening the file. There were no special translation messages. The Excel spread sheet simply opened in an Open Office Calc window. All formulas and other formatting and features translated over fine as well. This will help Bob because they are easy to open making it efficient for Bob. 2. I have made extensive use of Excel formula capabilities, and found that pretty much anything I wanted to do, I could duplicate in Calc. This will be good for Bob to back up all his work. 3. The process of formatting cells was basically the same as in Excel. The menu options were substantially the same. I was able to define text cells, currency, and number of decimal places, Wrap Text and other functions with no problem. This is helpful for Bob because I can do all this for him before he gets the spreadsheet and he will not have to do it himself. 4. I use heavy and thin borders, and like to select my own colors for shading and backgrounds. Calc offers only one line thickness and one line color (Black). This means Bob can customise the mil merge designs easier. 5. Creating a Data Range proved fairly simple I did have a bit of trouble figuring out how to remove it and create the range I wanted. The disadvantages in my investigation between open office calc and excel: 1. I did discover that there were some slight differences in how formulas were structured. For example, in an Excel If statement the format is =if(A1=10,1,0) meaning if cell A1 equals 10 then put 1 in the target cell, otherwise put a zero in the target cell. In Calc the same formula is written =if(A1=10;1;0) 2. One thing I did find disconcerting was Calcs propensity zip across the spread sheet too quickly. It flew up, down, left or right, if I happened to need to extend the graph target to a point that was off the screen. Once it hits the edge of the visible cells, it takes off like a rocket. 3. In Excel, if you highlight a cell and hit the delete key, the data in the cell is deleted. In Calc, the same operation will generate a pop up menu that give you multiple options for deleting. I initially found this to be an irritant, though I can see that it could be handy. Excel uses different delete options to provide the same functionality. Microsoft Excel The advantages of Microsoft Excel: 1. Once you have entered the formula that is needed, you can keep changing the data and it will keep calculating for you without you having to do anything. 2. Bob can use functions for example, IF, Average, Min and Max. 3. He can use Mail merge, create graphs, use formatting, validations and Macros 4. Excel files can be password protected for extra security. A user can create a password through Visual Basic programming or directly within the Excel file. The disadvantages of Microsoft Excel: 1. Users must create subset directories for data management. Excel data can be lost when the application is broken down into many files. 2. Viruses can be attached to an Excel file through macros. Macros are mini programs that are written into an Excel spread sheet. Solution Description The solution to his problem is just simply Excel. Excel provides so many helpful ways of keeping your data safe, laid out clearly and hard to completely lose. This program is specialised in spreadsheets. This will help Bob make sure he has all his data clearly set out and Excel also provides him with being able to send any important information to his business partner Steven through mail merge (the mail merge tool in Microsoft word allows you to print a series of standard letters or documents with particular details(such as names and addresses) changed on each one. The details which are to be merged into each letter are typically read from an external file such as an Excel spreadsheet or an Access database). Mail merge is better than just typing addresses into the word document individually; it is better this way because it saves time and effort. At the moment he sends out over 100 people a month that would take ages to type out, it also reduces the mistakes possible to make. Bob wil l be able to access any data a lot quicker now than he could before there are many applications on Excel, like, the SUM button () for example, this button is an easier way to add, find the average, find the maximum and find the minimum of any data in the spreadsheet. Another good thing about Excel is that it will always be on your computer as long as it is running okay because you do not need the internet to access it. There is only one minor problem and that is that you have to pay to have Excel, either when you buy your computer and you ask for it, if you buy the excel package or if you pay for it on the internet. This is a program that is worth the money because once Bob has it he will not stop using it until he gives up his shop. This is the best possible solution for Bob at this stage and he will find himself in an easier placement when he has to show his fanatical history to anyone. Chosen Solution My chosen solution for this project is Microsoft Excel Compared to other possible solutions, what are its advantages? Unlike Open Office Calc, Bob Dixon can open, amend and save work without any problems in Excel on most computers. Access is helpful for Bob Dixon to store information about each share; however, Bob will not be able to find out the total profit/ loss he has made on his shares in Access. Microsoft Excel offers many features which Bob Dixon will find it very helpful. For example, all shares can be put into ranking according to their performances; functions such as average can be used to calculate the overall performance to the shares. Can be used to calculate the overall performance of the shares. I am planning to use graphs and charts to show data, conditional formatting and absolute cell reference. Quantitative Objectives Excel is a program that will help, it will be able to: à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ It is easier to look at and understand (clearly set out) this is useful to Bob because it will make it is easier to navigate around the spreadsheet. à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ If the show is making à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½10,000 a month the spreadsheet will say Rich!, it does this through IF statements, these will show the reader of the spread sheet in one word(by working it out) whether they are making a profit or a loss or even break even . This will help Bob because he will be able to quickly take a glance at the spreadsheet and know if he is going to have to make changes or not. Plus he can see what needs improvement. à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ The spreadsheet can be colourful; it can use the colours of the organisation. This will help Bob because it will stand out and look professional. à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Mail merge is a good way to share any dates, prices or conformations to many people in one quick click. à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ In the spreadsheet he can use goal seek, this will tell Bob how many tickets he will need to sell to make a certain amount of money, for example if the tickets cost à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½50 each, and he needs to make a minimum of à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½2000 the goal seek will tell him he needs to sell 400 tickets. This benefits Bob because he can see if he has any seats left to book. à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ V lookup will do the same as an IF statement but it will provide him with as many statements as he needs where IF statements he can only have a maximum of three statements. This can mean they he could have more information shown in a smaller space. Performance indicators Excel is fit for purpose; it will fulfill the needs of the task. This software will be the easiest to use in this particular case because it meets the needs of the user. Bob will be able to easily work it using my user guide attached to this document. This software will also be set out in the easiest format for the company and making sure it fits the needs of the theatre. Excel will be able to do much more automatic functions than other software making it quicker and easier to use. Bob will not have to do much or spend a lot of time typing up data. See the attached sheets labelled Initial Designs. See attached Inputs, outputs and processors booklet. 123 Mystreet Happytown W1 333 Friday 19th March 2010 23 Eastlake Street London NW12 4FT Dear Abygail Hobday Thank you for sending me your Initial Designs. I have viewed them and I would like you to make the following changes if it is possible:- Firstly I would like to have a homepage before your that is just our logo going into our spreadsheet. If thats is possible then that would be great. Also can we have a colour background on all pages. Homepage 1. I would like to suggest that the title is in Word Art 2. I would like you to have the macros a different shape, the circle is to boring 3. Would you be able to put the dates of the shows on this page please. 4. Could we have a part showing how many tickets we have sold so far. 5. could the macros be, program setup, view seating plan and send tickets customer details. Customer details 1. there are no real problems with this page, however can we have something that stops me putting in incorrect data. Program setup 1. Would you be able to put in a print button. 2. Can you indicate that it is the title at the top of the page Stalls seating ; dress circle seating 1. can you make the seats go another colour to show that they have been booked Also, Can you have a automatic system that I can send emails from me to my customers on the computer. Yours sincerely, Mr Bob Dixon Managing director and owner of Woodford Green Theatre Hardware The hardware in Bobs office will need to include a keyboard for the user to type in any necessary information, a mouse so the user can navigate around the spreadsheet. A printer so that Bob can print of any price lists or customers names, Bob will need to have a scanner so he can scan his logo into the computer any other pictures he would like. Bob will need a camera to take pictures of his shows he will also need a fax machine so that he can send his business partner Steven all of the paper work, finally he will need the desktop package. Symantec Norton 360 Version 3.0 All-in-one Security. Bob would also have to buy a printer he will need one with a scanner and a fax machine in it. Having a printer with the other machines included saves money. Bob is going to need to back up his spreadsheet and he will need to buy a external DVD writer, this is because his spreadsheet is small so he will not need to have a massive backup. Software The software that Bob is going to need includes, Norton anti virus, this will allow Bob to block any viruses that may try to enter his computer, a virus can enter his computer from any ware, most likely from emails or the internet. He will also need to have the main program which is excel he will have to have the newest update (windows 7) and he will need the full professional version because he has not got any software on his computer yet. My personal tick list to make sure I have fulfilled all of the quantive objectives. * Clearly to understand * if statements * colours on spreadsheet * mail merge * goal seeks * v lookup

The eNotes Blog Goodbye to a Modern Pioneer Michael S. Hart, ProjectGutenberg

Goodbye to a Modern Pioneer Michael S. Hart, ProjectGutenberg Reasonable people adapt themselves to the world. Unreasonable people attempt to adapt the world to themselves. All progress, therefore, depends on unreasonable people. ~ George Bernard Shaw. On September 6, the literary world lost a true pioneer. Michael S. Hart, founder of Project Gutenberg, died of a heart attack in his home in Urbana, Illinois. He was 64. Hart was the inventor of the now nearly-ubiquitous electronic books, or eReaders, which he conceived in 1971. The idea for eReaders came to him after he received a free copy of the Declaration of Independence.   At the time, Hart was a student at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and had access to their (then powerful) computers. He typed up the Declaration and sent it through the computer network to other users. This free transmittal of literature became Harts lifes work for the next forty years via his Project Gutenberg. As of today, there are 100,000 works available to anyone who cares to download them, all free of charge. Dr. Gregory Newby penned the obituary for his friend and colleague.   It reads, in part: Michael prided himself on being unreasonable, and only in the later years of life did he mellow sufficiently to occasionally refrain from debate. Yet, his passion for life, and all the things in it, never abated. Frugal to a fault, Michael glided through life with many possessions and friends, but very few expenses. He used home remedies rather than seeing doctors. He fixed his own house and car. He built many computers, stereos, and other gear, often from discarded components. Michael S. Hart left a major mark on the world. The invention of eBooks was not simply a technological innovation or precursor to the modern information environment. A more correct understanding is that eBooks are an efficient and effective way of unlimited free distribution of literature. Access to eBooks can thus provide opportunity for increased literacy. Literacy, and the ideas contained in literature, creates opportunity. In July 2011, Michael wrote these words, which summarize his goals and his lasting legacy: â€Å"One thing about eBooks that most people havent thought much is that eBooks are the very first thing that were all able to have as much as we want other than air. Think about that for a moment and you realize we are in the right job. He had this advice for those seeking to make literature available to all people, especially children: Learning is its own reward. Nothing I can say is better than that.

Interactional theory in Gandhi Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Interactional theory in Gandhi - Research Paper Example To understand his life, Attenborough (1982) produced and directed Gandhi. This paper analyzes the film using Watzlawick, Beavin, and Jackson’s (1967) Interactional Theory on communication. It aims to show that this theory helps explain Gandhi’s effectiveness as a persuasive communication expert and social transformation leader. Gandhi demonstrates an interactional view of communication because Gandhi used non-violent, non-cooperative, and peaceful communication strategies, which have been successful in attaining individual and social changes because he continuously reframed punctuations regarding the causes and resolutions to conflict. Gandhi depicts the rise of Gandhi, from being a lawyer of racial injustice in South Africa to a transformational leader in India. Attenborough (1982) showed how Gandhi started his non-violent approach to conflict management, when he realized the intensity and extent of racial discrimination against Indians in South Africa. With his friend and supporter, the rich Indian businessman Kinnoch, they and their thousands of supporters defied the Pass Law and other oppressive policies, until they changed legislation into one that improved racial equality. Gandhi returned to India, which was in a historical transition from colonial ownership to independence. Gandhi aroused the formation of nationalist organizations and used the media to gain publicity and to spread his non-violent, non-cooperative, and peaceful approach to the demand for independence from Great Britain. Interactional Theory views relationships as â€Å"patterns of interaction† (Watzlawick et al., 1967, p. 2), where every member participates in the cybernetic environment, while interacting with other systems to control their environment too. Gandhi is an effective communicator because he does not undermine the value of the press in enhancing public awareness and changing individual and social beliefs. The first rally in South Africa indicates how Gandh i saw the media as a partner in documenting non-violent actions, so that more people would join him and for the British Empire to realize the power of their numbers. Gandhi wants journalists to cover their peaceful protests because it can unite the nation. He told the reporter Walker that he â€Å"cannot unite a community† without a paper (Attenborough, 1982). He then used the media, including his own paper, to promote his views on non-violent and non-cooperative action toward resolving various conflicts. Gandhi knows the importance of connected systems to achieve widespread social changes. Interactional Theory has five axioms and the first aims to show how complex systems operate by stating that people â€Å"cannot not communicate,† so everything that is said and done is a message. Watzlawick et al. (1967) stressed: â€Å"Activity or inactivity, words or silence all have message value: they influence others and these others, in turn, cannot not respond to these commu nications and are thus themselves communicating† (p. 1). The pragmatic approach to language emphasizes the effects of actions on communication behaviors (Wayne, 1990, p.603). Gandhi shows the importance of every aspect of communication to express his strategies and to persuade people to follow his methods. His main emphasis is that violent, non-cooperative, and peaceful communication strategies can be used to attain social

Understand the sources of finance available to a business Assignment

Understand the sources of finance available to a business - Assignment Example External sources of funds are of two categories based on nature of the find like debt finance and equity finance. Internal sources of finance are owner’s personal savings, retained profits, working capital, suppliers’ credit and sale of assets. External sources of finance are debt finance and equity finance. Under debt finance, important sources are debentures, bank loan, bank overdraft, fire-purchase, grant, lease, venture capital, invoice discounting, factoring, and angle investors. Sources of finance under equity finance category are ordinary shares and preference share. Again, various sources under internal and external categories can also be categorized by another important parameter i.e. tenure or duration. These are long term, medium term and short term sources of finance. Long term sources of finance are equity shares, preference shares, retained profit, debentures or bonds, loan from private and public institutions, venture capital, asset selling etc. Medium te rm sources of finance are preference shares, debentures or bonds, loan from term deposits, loan from financial institutions, lease financing or hire purchase financing, foreign currency bonds and commercial borrowings. Short term sources of finance are trade credit, differed income, suppliers’ credit, customers’ advances, certificate of deposits and public deposits etc. Assessment the implications of the different sources Internal sources of fund: These are the most preferable sources of finance of any business. Internal sources are used at start up or even for expansion of business. Businesses do not have obligation to pay any interest or refund of this sources as internal sources belongs the businesses only. Therefore risk is less in these categories of sources. The businesses... Understand the sources of finance available to a business This paper will qualitatively address different sub-areas of this topic like assessing various source of finance; control, bankruptcy and legal implications of those sources; in-depth analysis of financial implications and tax effects; selection of appropriate source of finance for various projects. This paper mainly consists of qualitative discussion on these four areas. Identifying different sources of finance available to a business Finance is very much essential for a new as well as an existing business. Efficient financing is also essential in all stages of a business. Finance is required for business development, business operation and business expansion. Finance is core limiting factor to any business and hence, it is crucial a business to manage its financial resources strategically and efficiently. There are various sources of finance available to a business at different benefit and cost. Therefore, it is important for a company to choose most suitable source of finance base d on its requirement and potential to optimally utilize the resources to generate adequate return. Financing for short term projects should be done from medium term financing like bank loan, issuing of preference shares, debentures etc. Long term projects or business acquisitions can be done from issuing ordinary shares. Debt financing should be neglected for long term investments.

Transition Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Transition - Essay Example The objective of transition is to plan and adopt some educational and interactive activities which will prepare the students for further education and employment. Transition services and plans for youth with disabilities are now mandated under the recently enacted 'Education of the Handicapped Act' Amendments of 1990. Barone et al. (1991) explained that youth is the crucial time when an individual requires friendship and social interaction to disrupt the barriers of apprehension. Severely disabled students often are deprived of good communication and comprehensive skills which strengthen social relationships and they often feel secluded and isolated. The concept of Inclusion of youth with disabilities in regular classrooms helps to build a healthy and motivating relationship among the students. This concept not only enhances the career related outcomes but also reinforces the sense of belonging to Human family. Families have a critical impact on the successful transition from school to adult life for young adults with disabilities. The involvement of the parents in the transition process is mandatory as they will have a better idea of their children's temperament, interests and abilities. On the contrary parents may sometimes become very emotional and over protective which may act as a hindrance for the development of the students. Parents often tend to underestimate their children or hold unrealistic high expectations of them when compared to regular children. As Jean E. Ness explains parents always have confusion between the abilities and motivations of their children. Special Education and Support System Individuals with disabilities require more vigorous and dedicated training when compared to normal students as they have to overcome the many additional hurdles of life. Special education should be directed towards assessment and instruction of students for smooth transition from school to post-secondary activities like employment or post-secondary education. If special education teachers do not take proper interest in motivating students then there will be potential increase in number of drop outs. The support system should be concerned, organized, focused towards the goal of transition process for students. Self determination and Motivation One of the reasons for poor post school outcomes is that students with disabilities leave school without self-determination. Students who do not have the motivation to plan and manage their lives will leave school without the skills necessary to secure a meaningful job. During the transition process high risk youth should be identified and their morale should be boosted up with self confidence and mastery of self-management skills. Several recent models of student involvement in transition planning include creating a self-directed individualized education program (IEP). Difference in the Environment of instruction The idea of going to new campus or community is of a big

Differences Between Trait And Psychodynamic Theories Psychology Essay

Differences Between Trait And Psychodynamic Theories Psychology Essay Personality theories concentrate on how traits are developed and how behaviour is generated. Personality traits are durable dispositions of behaviour that occur across a variety of situations. They are like tendencies; a persons predisposition to react in a certain way in various different situations. Trait theories focus on indentifying the characteristics we possess and the degree to which we possess them. However trait theories are starting to address concerns such as how behaviours are developed, how traits are generated and how our goals and motivations affect the development of traits and the degree to which we possess them (Mischel, 1996). On the other hand, psychodynamic theories of human behaviour assume that human lives are ruled by internal unconscious forces and that these forces; which may be images, opinions, or feelings are the chief determinants of who they are and what they do (Kaslow, Magnavita Patterson, 2002).This essay will relate trait theory in comparison to p sychodynamic theory. Gordon Allports trait theory views personality as a combination of stable internal characteristics that an individual displays in a given situation. Conversely, Sigmund Freuds psychodynamic approach emphasizes the interplay of unconscious irrational forces struggling for control in shaping ones personality. Freud believes that human functioning is influenced by three basic structures of the mind: the id, the ego, and the superego, which emerge developmentally. The id, as stated by Freud, is present at birth and works on the pleasure principle. The ego operates on the reality principle and attempts to satisfy the id while obeying societys rules. The emergence of the ego for Freud symbolizes the origin of consciousness and he refers it as the superego; which is the internalized rules of parents in society (Bernstein, Penner, Clarke-Stewart Roy, 2011). On the other side of the coin, Allport argues that varying strengths of many qualities or traits actually determine the personality of a person. Allport had three categories of traits: the cardinal traits, the central traits, and lastly the secondary traits. The cardinal traits govern and shape a persons behavior. Central traits are characteristics that others use to describe another individual. Secondary traits are circumstantial. More recently, trait theorists have indentified five main factors that make up personality; Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism (Pastorino Doyle-Portillo, 2012).Thus one can assert that traits are relatively stable predispositions to behave in a certain way whereas psychodynamic theory deals with unconscious motivations and conflicts in ones head. Allport uses the concept of personal disposition and the idiographic approach which focuses on studying one person at a time to explain that every human being possesses unique traits that create a personalised type of behaviour in a particular situation. He also specifies that traits are exclusive characteristics to a particular person alone which generates consistent and specific behaviour patterns (Carducci, 2009). On the contrary, psychodynamic theorists focus on group behaviour and making comparisons between people while describing dynamic interactions between individuals (Jarvis, 2004). Thus one can affirm that the trait approach to personality focuses on predicting a specific individual behavior whereas psychodynamic theories centre on predicting typical behaviour of a group of people. Psychodynamic theorists believe that many of our actions depend on hidden beliefs and emotions. These unconscious forces can bring a change in an individuals behaviour and personality. When a person meets other individuals; he involuntarily experiences a must to act as they do so as not to be rejected. Thus, he represses more of his tendencies to be more compatible with the norms of society (Collins ORourke, 2008). In contrast, an individuals behaviour is likely to stay relatively consistent across a broad range of situations over the course of time due to the enduring and stabilizing impact of traits (Mischel, 1996). Hence one can argue that trait theory focuses on constancy in personality while psychodynamic theory hints at change in personality. Trait researchers usually study the processes behind the behaviour related with a specific trait. For example, some psychologists are keen in examining the underlying concerns of shy people which keep them away from the social world (Burger, 2010). Nonetheless psychodynamic theories stress upon the importance of early childhood experiences, the significance of repressed feelings and internal disputes between the conscious and unconscious forces that manipulate our thoughts and behaviour (Plotnik Kouyoumdjian, 2010). Therefore one can state that trait theory focuses on indentifying the mechanisms underlying behaviour while psychodynamic theory emphasizes on describing personality and predicting behaviour instead of explaining why people behave the way they do. Early research has shown that natural physical endowment is more important than environment in determining personality in the sense that it is not simply likely to produce a light or superficial impact on the image that an individual projects vis-Ã  -vis others in the society but rather it is the prime factor which decides whether he or she will be favourably or unfavourably perceived by others in the community. However ownership of a specific trait does not guarantee success in a specific field; for example, honesty, self-confidence and the ability to motivate others are some of the few characteristics which determine leadership. More recent research study showed that an individual possessing the traits mentioned above does not necessarily score high on leadership performance. Combination of both the leadership traits and management skills are needed to create effective leaders (Novick, Morrow Mays, 2007). On the other hand, Freuds psychodynamic theory emphasize hugely on the disp utes between conscious and unconscious forces that manipulate our views and actions (Plotnik Kouyoumdjian, 2010). Thus one can claim that trait theories integrate both the nature and nurture approach when shaping personality while psychodynamic theories rely mainly on the conscious and unconscious forces when predicting an individuals behaviour. To conclude; trait theorists are more concerned with indentifying individual characteristics which when combined can be used to describe personality. Proponents of the psychodynamic theory rely heavily on the dynamic forces of the subconscious to explain the perceptions, and behaviours of individuals. These behaviours can lead people to behave in ways that are ineffective and even self-destructive (Mischel, 1996).

Mansfields Bliss :: essays research papers

Katherine Mansfield thoughtfully named her story Bliss, to ask the question, â€Å"What is bliss?† Webster’s dictionary defines bliss as, â€Å"complete happiness†. In Bliss, the main character, Bertha, feels she is blissful. She has the perfect family, the perfect life, and a party that night. However, that perfect life is a faà §ade, which the reader along with Bertha at times learns. After arranging the fruit for the evening party, Bertha like a child at Christmas runs upstairs to the nursery to see her baby, Little B. The scene goes, â€Å"she looked up when see saw her mother and began to jump.† (Mansfield 2) The Nanny quickly takes control of the baby and in facial expressions showing her displeasure of being interrupted. When the Nanny tells of the dog’s ear that B touched, she does not voice her objections to the Nanny’s judgment of letting B touch the dog’s ear. Bertha also has to beg Nanny, like a child rather, than an employer, to finish feeding her child. Showing that Bertha’s bliss with her baby is not true, â€Å"because the nanny has constant control over her care.† (Sonja Cerne, para. 1). Bertha’s bliss with her husband also is fake. He is having an affair with her â€Å"a find of Bertha’s called Pearl Fulton.† (Mansfield 3). According to Megan Nussbaum, â€Å"Subconsciously Bertha knows that her husband must be messing around with someone. He's always coming in late and doesn't mind her ‘coldness’ in bed.† However she has no idea that it is her fascinating friend, after all Harry, Bertha’s husband, constantly criticizes Miss Fulton, â€Å"[he] voted her dullish, and `cold like all blond women, with a touch, perhaps, of anemia of the brain.† (Mansfield 3). Later in the story, Harry and Miss Fulton almost arrive one after another, â€Å"like they rode to the house together and then came in separately.† (Kate Campbell, para. 1). At the end,† Harry almost pushing his wife [Bertha] over when Miss Fulton is ready to leave†¦and then he pulled Miss Fulton towards him and his lips said, ‘I adore yo u. Mansfields Bliss :: essays research papers Katherine Mansfield thoughtfully named her story Bliss, to ask the question, â€Å"What is bliss?† Webster’s dictionary defines bliss as, â€Å"complete happiness†. In Bliss, the main character, Bertha, feels she is blissful. She has the perfect family, the perfect life, and a party that night. However, that perfect life is a faà §ade, which the reader along with Bertha at times learns. After arranging the fruit for the evening party, Bertha like a child at Christmas runs upstairs to the nursery to see her baby, Little B. The scene goes, â€Å"she looked up when see saw her mother and began to jump.† (Mansfield 2) The Nanny quickly takes control of the baby and in facial expressions showing her displeasure of being interrupted. When the Nanny tells of the dog’s ear that B touched, she does not voice her objections to the Nanny’s judgment of letting B touch the dog’s ear. Bertha also has to beg Nanny, like a child rather, than an employer, to finish feeding her child. Showing that Bertha’s bliss with her baby is not true, â€Å"because the nanny has constant control over her care.† (Sonja Cerne, para. 1). Bertha’s bliss with her husband also is fake. He is having an affair with her â€Å"a find of Bertha’s called Pearl Fulton.† (Mansfield 3). According to Megan Nussbaum, â€Å"Subconsciously Bertha knows that her husband must be messing around with someone. He's always coming in late and doesn't mind her ‘coldness’ in bed.† However she has no idea that it is her fascinating friend, after all Harry, Bertha’s husband, constantly criticizes Miss Fulton, â€Å"[he] voted her dullish, and `cold like all blond women, with a touch, perhaps, of anemia of the brain.† (Mansfield 3). Later in the story, Harry and Miss Fulton almost arrive one after another, â€Å"like they rode to the house together and then came in separately.† (Kate Campbell, para. 1). At the end,† Harry almost pushing his wife [Bertha] over when Miss Fulton is ready to leave†¦and then he pulled Miss Fulton towards him and his lips said, ‘I adore yo u.

Hong Kong Identity

Identity Politic: July 1st, 2003 Protest Agenda 1. Introduction †¢ 1. 1. What is identity politic †¢ 1. 2. Political events that have affected HK Identity 2. July1st, 2003 protest 3. Conclusion 1. 1. What is Identity Politic †¢ Identity politics: Identity as a politic †¢ Development of identity politic †¢ Past v. s Present Introduction July 1st Protest Conclusion 1. 2. Political events that affected HK Identity Tiananmen Square After WWI: Refugee Identity Mistrust of Chinese Government Article 23 After 1960: Local HK Identity 1997 Handover 2013Introduction July 1st Protest Conclusion 2. July1st, 2003 protest †¢ Annual protest led by Civil Human Rights Front †¢ Article 23 †¢ The Hong Kong SAR shall enact laws on its own to prohibit any act of treason, secession, sedition, subversion against the Central People's Government, or theft of state secrets, to prohibit foreign political organizations or bodies from conducting political activities in the Region, and to prohibit political organizations or bodies of the Region from establishing ties with foreign political organizations or bodiesIntroduction July 1st Protest Conclusion Concerns Pros †¢ British government also had repressive acts †¢ e. g Society Ordinance and the Public Order Ordinance Cons †¢ Police is allowed to enter houses and arrest people without warrant/evidence †¢ No freedom of speech †¢ Violation of Article 23 can result in a life term in a prison †¢ Any organization can be banned by PRC Conclusion Introduction July 1st Protest HK people identityIdentity of general HK people †¢ Pragmatism †¢ Individualism †¢ Narrowing gap between HK people/ mainlanders: ambitious, adaptable, practical and clever †¢ Widening gap between HK people/ mainlanders : valuing free speech, press freedom, privacy and equality Introduction July 1st Protest Conclusion HK people identity Parties that affect HK people identity HK people iden tity British colonial period rule of law, democracy, freedom of speech Chinese Government formal education, flag-raising ceremonies visits to the mainland IntroductionJuly 1st Protest Conclusion Identity illustrated by July 1st, 2003 †¢ Widening gap †¢ Antagonism vs. Pragmatic Nationalism and Liberalized Nationalism †¢ Cosmopolitan identity: HK’s dream, opportunities in society, has affected to local’s commitment to democracy Introduction July 1st Protest Conclusion 3. Conclusion †¢ Evident that Article 23 politic widened the gap of â€Å"issue in rights of HK people† ex. Free speech, press freedom, valuing privacy, valuing equality †¢ But still the trend is that people feel less gap with mainlanders †¢ ainland’s characteristic change †¢ HK people affected by mainland government’s media, education, and ceremonies. †¢ No identity is perfectly coherent; there is inconsistencies Introduction July 1st Protest Con clusion Questions to discuss †¢ What are the evolving features of the local political identity, culture and participation †¢ What is the essence of the conflicts between the local and national identities of HK people? †¢ What are the reasons for the rise of new activism, and what is its impact? Introduction July 1st Protest Conclusion

The Buyer Behaviour Essay Example

The Buyer Behaviour Essay Example The Buyer Behaviour Paper The Buyer Behaviour Paper The purpose of this report is to analyse and evaluate the decision-making process consumers go through when purchasing health supplements and formal clothing. The objective is to compare the differences between the two processes and identify the implications each has on marketing strategy. This has been achieved through both secondary and primary research. The secondary analysis involved research using the textbooks and articles on health supplements and formal clothing and the application of relevant consumer behaviour concepts and theories. This report will also thoroughly discuss, compare and report on the typical decision making processes likely to be followed by a selected target market for the purchase and use of health supplements and formal clothing. This will involve the primary research in which 8 people will be interview with questions regarding to consumer behaviour in the purchase of health supplements and formal clothing. The report is structured in a way to present each aspect of the decision-making processes for formal clothing, which followed, by health supplements to enable comparison to be made in each section. 2. 0 Target Market Health supplements is an industry which is growing because of intelligent, healthy people. (National Business Review, 1996, p. 32). In New Zealand, the research shows that people are more and more aware of good health, its relationship to lifestyle, and how they can use health supplements to augment self heal health care. In other words, people today are looking for prevention rather than just cure. In 1994, 32% of New Zealanders took some form of supplement and in the latest study in 1997 this figure has increased to 74%. Each different product market consists of buyers, and buyers are all different in one way or another. They may differ in their wants, resources, locations, buying attitudes and buying practices. Because buyers have unique needs and wants, each buyer is potentially a separate market. For example, in the health supplements market, the seller identifies market segments, and develops different health supplements products and marketing mixes tailored to each needs and wants. Both health supplements and formal clothing are market which its’ products appeals to many buyers. Many people once in their life would have bought both products at sometimes during their life stages. There is no single way to segment a market. In this report, students are selected under the occupation market segment as the target market. The target market consists of students studying at universities. 3. 0 Involvement Consumer involvement is the perceived personal importance and interest consumers attach to the acquisition, consumption, and disposition of a good, service, or an idea. As their involvement increases, consumers have a greater motivation to attend to, comprehend, and elaborate on information pertaining to the purchase. (Mowen Minor, 1998, p. 64). In the case of low involvement, consumer views a purchase as unimportant and regards the outcome of his or her decision as inconsequential. Because the purchase carries a minimal degree of personal relevance or identification, the individual feels there is little or nothing to be gained from attending to the details of a purchase. (Hanna Wozniak, 2001, p. 290). For example, a purchase of health supplements requires minimal or no premeditation and planning for some consumers.

The Royal Disease (Hemophilia) essays

The Royal Disease (Hemophilia) essays The Royal Disease is hemophilia. It is sometimes called by this name because it afflicted many royal families. The National Hemophilia Foundation or NHF states that, This is because Queen Victoria, Queen of England from 1837 to 1901, was a carrier. She passed the disease on to several royal families (b. p.1). Her son Leopold had hemophilia and died of a brain hemorrhage. It was also passed into the Russian, Spanish, and German royal families because Queen Victorias daughters married into them. Not everyone knows what this disease is. It is not widely known exactly how it works or what all the symptoms are. There are treatments for this disease but not all are completely safe ones. Attitudes towards hemophilia vary, so do the attitudes of actual hemophiliacs. Hemophilia can be a very disabling disease with painful symptoms and harsh treatments. Hemophilia is a blood disorder. It is caused by a deficiency in clotting factors. Clotting factors are what make it possible for a person to stop bleeding once a blood vessel has been severed. There are two types of hemophilia. Hemophilia A is caused by low or complete absence of factor VIII [Roman numeral for 8] clotting protein. Hemophilia B is also known as Christmas Disease after Steven Christmas who died ultimately from it. It is caused by a lack or absence of factor IX [9]. Hemophilia B is the less common of the two. Hemophilia is largely an inherited disease but not always. Approximately 70% of people with hemophilia A or B inherited the disease, while the remaining 30% develop hemophilia due to a spontaneous genetic mutation (Carson-DeWitt, 1999 p. 1). It is inherited on the X chromosome. Remember that females have XX and males have XY. That is why hemophilia occurs almost exclusively in males, and affects one in 10,000 of the general population (1 in 3000 male births) (Eva tt, Gibbs, Lewis, and McArthur, 1992 p. 12). Females with an infected X...

Strategic Project Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Strategic Project Management - Essay Example That however can hardly be the case. When we speak of projects, we are speaking of elements within a whole. These elements cannot be discrete, but have to in some way or the other complement each other for the fulfillment of the general objective of development and growth of the organization. Adopting a more holistic view, an organization is concerned with overall business development that would necessitate what has been termed as Business Management. Classical Business Management emerged at the very beginning of the 20th Century. Project Management, on the other hand, was viewed almost independent of Business Management and was expected to provide the most effective and efficient means of producing the deliverables that a project was intended for. The Classical Model of Project Management which started somewhere in the fifties and sixties of the 20th Century, was primarily conceived to plan and control the timelines and costs for large projects in the aeronautical and construction industries. This model basically defined the logical sequences of different activities involved in the project along with the time, cost and other resources that each activity would require. Thus, Business Management and Project Management were viewed as distinct disciplines, or in other words, the business and the projects were thought to be disparate entities within the same organization. However, the 1980s heralded the unprecedented development of Information and Communication Technology opening up new channels of communication and new avenues for business on a world-wide scale. Changes swept over all sectors of activities, including businesses. Globalization broke down many conventional barriers, markets were de-regulated, a new market-driven economy emerged, and business organizations began to face global competition. The shelf life of products and services began to grow shorter and shorter, some times expiring even before the products

Genetics Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Genetics - Article Example Atherogenesis and increased afterload and left ventricular hypertrophy are identified as the two ways that link hypertension and coronary heart disease. Physical activity and healthy lifestyle behaviors are some of the nonpharmacological interventions to the treatment of hypertension in patients who have coronary heart disease. The pharmacological interventions discussed are the agents of antihypertensives that include beta-blockers and angiotensin-converting enzyme. The article also proposes a combinational therapy that uses different antihypertensives and other therapies in the treatment of hypertension. It concludes that the goal of hypertension treatment should be to reduce mortality and morbidity that is caused by hypertension and coronary heart disease (Olafiranye et al 9). This article could help researchers study the different hypertension treatment alternatives and their effectiveness. It could help doctors and nurses offer better care to patients who have hypertension. In addition, the article establishes a basis for evidence based research and evidence based practice for managing hypertension, and is therefore applicable researchers in the healthcare profession. Olafiranye, Oladipupo, Zizi, Ferdinand, Brimah, Perry, Jean-louis, Girardin, Makaryus, Amgad, McFarlane, Samy & Ogedegbe, Gbenga. Management of Hypertension among Patients with Coronary Heart Disease. International Journal of Hypertension, 2011: 1 – 6, 2011. Print. Retrieved September 25, 2014 from